Side wall sample taking apparatus



3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed sept. 1o, 1947 w ,ai VA 4 Y 7 w .k 0. 4 0 o a o/a 7/ 6% mmm ".r I 2 5 o W 4 4 m l w Y 8 76 m 56 6, 6 61.8974658722 633 56557/5/25/3-33-4 uw I \v l? Il lfm- 4 e I 87 9 o 7 45 37%3200o6 4 9.3 33% Wfnu HIS ATTORNEYS.

June 3, 1952 Filed Sept. 10, 1947 FIGB.

M. MENNEcln-:R 2,599,405

SIDE WALL SAMPLE TAKING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 n FIC-3.45.

25 36 j 36 6| se' 5 X An 60a FIGAC.

SOURCE F A ELECTRICAL ENERGY MOTOR INVENTOR.

MAURICE MENNECIER MMP@ HIS ATTORNEYS. v

June 3, 1952 M. MENNECIER SIDE wALL SAMPLE TAKING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. 10, 1947 FIG. 6.

INVENTOR.

MAL) RICE MEN NECIER BY @,Temfwhm HIS ATTORNEYS.

Patented June 3, 1952 gaat@ a SIDE WALL SAMPLE TAKING APPARATUS Maurice Mennecier, Houston, Tex., assignor to Schlumberger Well Surveying Corporation,

Houston, Tex., a corporation of Delaware Application September 10, 1947, Serial No. 773,146

(Cl. Z55-1.4)

11 Claims. l

The present invention relates to side wall sample takers for use in bore holes drilled into the earth. More specilically, it relates to a new and improved side wall sample taker which greatly facilitates the taking of cores from harder formations, such as limestones, for example, although it is not limited to such use.

The applicants prior patent application Serial No. 669,923, filed May 15, 1946, for Side Wall Sample Taker, -'-now Patent No. 2,558,452, is addressed to sample taking apparatus which is characterized by simplicity and reliability. That apparatus comprises generally a body member adapted to be anchored in a bore hole and having drilling and sampling means slidably mounted therein for movement towards and away from the side wall of a hole. The latter means is adapted to be driven by a motor in the apparatus, the weight of which is applied to the drilling and sampling means during the drilling operation. By means of this apparatus, a plurality of cores can be taken on a single trip into a bore hole. However, the successive cores are all stored in the drilling and sampling means so that the total number that may be taken is limited by the length of the latter means.

The principal object of the present invention, accordingly, is to provide new and improved sample taking apparatus, the sample taking capacity of which on a single trip into a bore hole is considerably greater than that of the sample taking apparatus used heretofore.

Another object of the invention is to provide new and improved sample taking apparatus of the above character, the capacity of which on a single trip into a bore hole is not limited by the length of the drilling and sampling means.

A further object of this invention is to provide new and improved side wall sampling apparatus of the above character which includes a core receiving magazine and means for extracting a core from the drilling and sampling means and conveying it to the magazine.

Another object of this invention is to provide new and improved sampling apparatus of the above character in which marking means is provided for positively identifying the various cores conveyed to the'magazine.

The objects of the invention are attained by providing drilling and sample taking'means having means for extracting the core therefrom after it has been cut and broken oi the formation. The extracted core is adapted to drop into suitably shapedconveyor means which directs it to a core receiving magazine. Means are also provided for automatically inserting marking means between successive cores to enable them to be readily identified when the apparatus is raised to the surface after a core taking trip has been made in a bore hole.

The invention may be better understood from the following detailed description of a representative embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which;

Figure 1 is a view in vertical section through sample taker apparatus constructed according to the invention when it is in the inoperative or retracted position, illustrating the relative positions of the parts as it is beingmoved along a bore hole;

Figure 2 s an enlarged view in perspective showing the details of the drilling and sampling means, its drive assembly, and the core breaker apparatus of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view in vertical section throughthe apparatus after it has been anchored in the bore hole, but before the sampling operation has been begun;

Figures 4A, 4B and 4C are enlarged views of the anchor retaining and releasing mechanism, Figure 4A illustrating the position of the parts when the anchor is held within the body of the tool as in Figure 1, Figure 4B showing the mechanism ready to release, and Figure 4C illustrating in longitudinal section the position of the parts after the tool has been anchored in the bore hole as shown in Figure 3;

Figures 5A and 5B are partial plan views taken along line 5--5 of Figure 3, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the gearing in greater detail for the Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B positions, respectively;

Figure 6 is a view in vertical section similar to Figures 1 and 3, but showing the apparatus after thecore drill has penetrated the formation and the core has been broken and is ready to be retrieved;

Figure '7 is an enlarged view in perspective of the drilling and sampling means, the drive assembly and core breakerapparatus of Figure 6, after the core breaker has functioned;

Figure 8 is a schematic Wiring diagram which also illustrates the arrangement for signaling the operator when the tool has been anchored, and when the core drill has penetrated the formation to the desired depth.

Referring to Figure 1, a side wall sample taker is shown comprising an elongated cylindrical body l0 having an upper portion Il and a lower portion I2 terminating in a rounded closure member I3. The upper cylindrical portion II of the body I has formed therein a chamber I4 which is closed 0E at its lower end by a transverse partition I5 and which has an opening at the upper end consisting of a bore I6 of reduced diameter. Within the cylindrical portion II is disposed a water-tight housing I1 containing a conventional type motor I8 and a speed reduction gear 20. The motor I8 is energized and controlled in any suitable manner as by a source of electrical energy B, switch S and ammeter A at the surface of the earth, connected to a conductor C in the supporting cable 30, as schematically shown in Figure 8.

Above the housing I1 is disposed a head 29 which is adapted to be slidably received Within the bore I6 and to which the supporting cable is secured in the usual manner. A pin 3|, secured to the upper body portion II, extends into a -longitudinal keyway 30a in the housing I1 and permits the housing I1 to slide vertically, but prevents it from rotating with respect to the cylindrical body I0.

The mechanical output of motor I8 is transmitted from the shaft I9 and through the speed reduction gear 20 to a shaft 2| which extends through a transverse partition 22 forming a lower water-tight closure for the housing I1. Any suitable gear reduction ratio may be used but a ratio of 5 to 1 has been found satisfactory when the motor I8 operates at 3500 R. P. M.

Rotary motion of the shaft 2| is transmitted through a spring loading or torque spring assembly 26 to a main shaft 21. A flexible sleevelike member 24 of rubber or other suitable material is positioned about the spring assembly 26 `and is connected at its upper and lower ends to the transverse partition 22 and to a partition 36, respectively. The partition 36 is adapted to slide freely Within the cylindrical portion II and is secured by a perforated tubular member 24a to the partition 22.

The bore hole huid is prevented from reaching the torque spring assembly 26 and the motor I 8 by any suitable means such as a packing gland 23, for example. The bore hole liquid has access to the chamber I4 through the passages 25 formed in the body portion and the sleevelike member 24 is filled with a suitable liquid such as oil, for example, With this construction, the pressures on opposite sides of the sleevelike member 24 are substantially equalized so that the packing gland 23 may be designed for a low differential pressure and exerts a relatively low frictional torque on the shaft 21.

The shaft 21 passes through the transverse partition I5 and is connected to the universal joints 28 and 32 which permit power to be transmitted to the drilling and sampling means 34 as the latter advances downwardly and outwardly towards the side wall of the bore hole. The universal joint 32 is connected to a gear 36 rotatably mounted in a block 33. The gear v36 engages a ring gear 31 formed on the periphery of the drilling and sampling means 34 which is also rotatably mounted in the block 33 but is not movable axially therein.

In accordance with the usual practice, the drilling and sampling means 34 is provided with a bit 35 at its forward end, which may be set with diamonds or other suitable hard materials. Also, its outside diameter is preferably made larger than the outside diameter of the drilling and sampling means 34 so as to provide space for the exit of the drill cuttings. The drilling and sampling means 34 is also preferably fitted with suitable means such as springs, for example, (not shown) which constitute a core catcher for retaining a core therein, as disclosed in my above-identified copending application.

The block 33 is pivotally connected at |03 to a pair of parallel arms 40 (Fig. 2) formed on a framework 39 mounted on a rigid rod 38 which extends through the transverse partition I5 (Fig. 1) and is rigidly secured in any suitable manner to the transverse sliding partition 36.

The block 33 is normally releasably locked within the lower body portion II in any suitable manner, as shown in Figure 1. For example, a recess 19 may be formed in the rod 38 which is adapted to receive a latch 18a pivotally mounted at on the body portion II. The latch 18a has an arm 18 which is adapted to be actuated to release the latch in a manner to be described in greater detail hereinafter.

The block 33 is provided with pins 4| and 42 on opposite sides thereof (the pins on one side only being shown in Fig, 2) which are adapted to be slidably received within the grooves 44 and 43, respectively, (Fig. 7) formed in a pair of parallel guide plates 45. The slots 44 and 43 are so shaped as to permit the block 33 to be moved downwardly and then outwardly in a direction toward the side wall of the bore hole.

As shown in greater detail in Figure 7, each of the guide plates 45 comprises a separate forward portion 95 defining the upper side of the slot 43, and a cooperating rear portion 95a. The forward portions 95 are rigidly secured to the body portion Il in any suitable manner as by the bolts 94, for example.

The rear portions 95a of the guide plates 45 are preferably rigidly secured together in any suitable manner and are normally retained in assembled relationship by releasable latching mechanism to be described in greater detail hereinafter. They may be provided with vertical slots |04 (Fig. 7) within which pins |05 secured to the body member I are adapted to be received. This construction permits the rear portions 95a to move downwardly with respect to the forward portions when the latching mechanism is released.

At the upper end of the rear portion 95a of the left-hand guide plate 45 (Fig. 7) is formed an aperture |06 having an upper edge |01 serving as a cam follower which cooperates with a cam 66 pivotally secured to the body portion |I at 61. The cam 6'6 is preferably made longer in one dimension than in a dimension perpendicular thereto, and may be substantially oval in shape, as shown. When in the position shown in Figure 2, it cooperates with the edge |01 to raise the rear portions 95a of the guide plates 45 upwardly so that the pins |05 are at the bottoms of the slots |04. When rotated to the position shown in Figure 7, it permits the rear portions a of the guide plates 45 to drop downwardly until the pins |05 rest in the upper portions of the slots |04, as shown in Fig. 7.

For the position of the apparatus shown in Figures l, 2 and 3, the cam 66 is maintained in the locking position by an arm 1I formed on the frame 39 which serves as a stop for an arm 12 carried by the pivot 61 on which the cam 66 is mounted.

The pivot 61 also carries an arm 10 in which are formed a plurality of teeth |08 (Fig. 2) which are adapted` to cooperate with a pawl 69 secured on the frame 39 and biased by a spring 69a, for example, so as to be capable of only counterclock- 5. wise movement (Fig. 2). pawl 69 cooperate in releasing the cam 66 to permit the rear portions 95a of the guide plates 45 to drop downwardly, as will be described in greater detail below.

The apparatus is adapted to be anchored at a given depth in a bore hole by means of cooperating teeth 58 at the upper end of the apparatus and a lateraly movable wall gripping member (Fig. 3). The Wall gripping member 5I is pivotally mounted at 48 within the lower body portion I2 and has an arm 53 secured by a pin 54 on a link 55. The wall gripping member 5| is pro- .vided with a plate 52 which may be secured to the wall gripping member 5I in a number of different positions to increase the effective length of the latter as required to accommodate the apparatus in bore holes of different diameter.

The wall gripping member 5| is adapted to be urged into engagement with the wall of a bore hole by means of a spring 62 which is secured at its lower end to the lower body portion I2 and at its upper end to the lower end of the link 55. The link 55 is connected to a retaining rod 51 terminating at its upper end in a head portion 59 which carries a pair of opposed spring detents '6| and an arm 11 for actuating the latch 18a. The spring detents 6I normally engage a head member 58 provided with opposite flats 49, as shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, which is carried by a rod 56.

The rod 56 is rotatably mounted within a sleeve member 58a secured in any suitable manner to the transverse partition 36. The sleeve member 56a carries a gear segment 68 which is secured by a pin 68a extending through slots 681) in the sleeve member 56a to the rod 56. The gear segment 60 is adapted to engage a cooperating gear 15 mounted on the shaft 21 through a suitable torque spring assembly 16. The gear segment 68 is also adapted to work against a torque spring 64 and a conventional compression spring 63 is interposed between its lower face and a flange |89 on the sleeve 56a. The slots 68h in the sleeve member 56a are preferably made deep enough to permit the gear 60 to be moved longitudinally by the spring 63 out of engagement with the gear 15 when the retainer rod 51 is released. Also, the slots 68h are preferably made wide enough to permit the gear segment 60 to be rotated by the gear 15 through an angle of about 90. Obviously, any other suitable mechanism may be employed for moving the gear segment 60 only to the extent required to release the retainer rod 51.

Disposed in the lower body portion I2 beneath the block 33 is a core receiving magazine 8| (Fig. 3) of suitable length to receive the desired number of cores. The magazine 8| terminates at its upper end in a funnel-shaped member 82 lying directly beneath the drilling and sampling means 34 when in the position shown in Figurel. The core receiving magazine 8| is preferably mounted so as to be easily removed from the apparatus at the conclusion of a trip into the bore hole.

Secured to the core receiving magazine 8| is a second magazine 89 containing a plurality of markers which may be spherical balls 33, for example. The balls 83 are normally urged upwardly by a compression spring 84 to engage a member 85 which serves as a stop and which also is adapted to eject a ball through the opening 98 into the core receiving magazine 8| at the time ya core is broken ofi from the formation. This may be accomplished in any suitable manner as by providing an actuator 86 on the movable rear portion The arm 18 and the 95a of one of the guide plates 45 which is adapted to turn the member against a spring 88 at the time the core is broken oif to eject one .of the balls 83 into the core receiving magazine 8|.

The core received within the drilling and sampling means 34 is adapted to be ejected therefrom by any suitable means such as a semiflexible steel cable 9| secured to the frame 39 and terminating at its other end in a ball or head member 92. AThe apparatus is preferably so designed that the head member 92 of the ejecting means never completely leaves the interior of the drilling and sampling means 34, as shown in Figure 1, for example.

As shown in Fig. 8, the motor I8 is preferably shunted by a resistor |88 in series with a pair of normally open switch contacts I8I. The contacts |8| are adapted to be successively closed by suitable actuators |82 and |03 formed on the rod 38, as shown. For example, the actuator |82 may be so located on the rod 38 that it closes the contacts I8| when the rod 38 begins to move downwardly at the initiation of a sample taking operation. The actuator |83, on the other hand, may be so located that it closes the contacts IIlI after the sample has been drilled and is ready to be broken off, for example. It will be understood that when the contacts |8I are closed, the current in the conductor C will suddenly change and provide an observable indication on the ammeter A.

Prior to the initiation of a sample taking operation, the several elements of the apparatus are in the position shown in Figure 1. In operation, the apparatus is lowered to the proper depth in the bore hole where a sample is to be taken. The switch S (Fig. 8) is closed and the motor I8 begins to rotate. Because of the presence of the torque springs 26 and 16, however, the shaft 21 and the gear 15 do not begin to rotate until some time after the motor has been energized. Preferably, the springs 26 and 16 are so adjusted that the motor I 8 will have reached full speed before the shaft 21 begins to rotate. of this construction, a motor of low-starting torque may be employed. However, if a highstarting torque motor is used, the springs 28 and 16 may be omitted.

When the gear 15 on the shaft 21 finally begins to rotate, it turns the gear segment 68 (Fig. 4A) and with it the rod 56, until the head portion 58 has been brought to the releasing position shown in Fig. 4B. This frees the retaining rod 51 which is then pulled downwardly by the spring 62, thereby moving the wall gripping member 5| into engagement with the wall of the bore hole, as shown in Figure 3. At this time, the compression spring 63 (Fig. 4C) moves the gear segment 68 upwardly out of engagement with the gear 15 and the torque spring 64 immediately rotates it back to its initial position.

In the downward movement of the retainer rod l51, the actuator 11 thereon engages the arm 18, thereby moving the latch 18a out of the recess 19 in the rod 38 (Fig. 3). This releases the rod 38 so that it can move downwardly under the weight of the chamber I1 and the motor I8 as soon as the tension on the cable 38 is released. Downward movement of the .retainer rod 51 also causes the actuator |82 thereon (Fig. 8) to close the switch contacts |8I momentarily, indicating to the operator at the surface that the sequence of operations has been initiated.

The cable 38 is then slacked 01T to permit the block 33 to slide in the guide plates 45 under By virtue the weight of the motor I8 until the bit 35 on the drilling and sampling means 34 extends through an aperture IIB and engages the side Wall of the formation (Fig. 6). Continued operation of the motor I8 causes the drilling and sampling means to advance into the formation. It will be noted that the drill pressure is determined by the weight of the motor I8 and its mounting and is substantially constant.

It will be noted that while the drilling and sample taking operation proceeds, the pawl 69 (Fig. 2) moves downwardly against the teeth |08 on the arm 10, without turning the arm 70, although the stop arm 'II moves downwardly away from the arm 12. tions 95a, of the guide plates 45 remain in the locked position shown in Fig. l.

When the desired length of core has been cut, the actuator |03 on the rod 38 (Fig. 8) closes the contacts IUI, changing the reading of the ammeter A at the surface and indicating this fact to the operator at the surface. The operator then preferably stops the motor and pulls up on the cable 30 to raise the housing I'I within the body portion II.

It will be apparent that as the supporting cable 30 is raised, the pawl 69 will tend to rotate the arm 'I0 (Fig. 2) in a clockwise direction, to the position shown in Figure 'I, the stop member Il being some distance below the arm 12. This releases the rear portions 95a of the guide plates 45 and pulls the pins 4I on the block 33 downwardly. As a result, torque is applied to the core 93 about the point where it is attached to the formation so that it is broken 01T at the point of maximum penetration. It is then held in place within the drilling and sampling means 34 by any suitable retaining means, as described above.

The dropping of the rear portions 95a of the guide plates 45 simultaneously causes the actuator 86 to move into engagement with the member 85 (Fig. 6) and to eject one of the balls 83 through the opening 90 into the core receiving magazine 8|.

As raising of the cable 30 is continued, the block 33 is withdrawn into the body portion II and the head member 92 of the ejecting means SI forces the sample downwardly into the funnel 82 which directs it into the core receiving magazine 8I to a position above the spherical ball 83.

The apparatus is preferably soy designed that some time before the drilling and sampling means 34 has reached its point of maximum penetration, the head 58 on the rod 56 moves into the proper position to be retained by the spring detents 6I. Accordingly, by continued pulling on the cable 30, the retaining rod 51 is pulled upwardly against the spring 62, permitting the wall gripping member I to be brought back within the apparatus. During this operation, the actuator 'I'I on the retaining rod 51 becomes disengaged from the arm 'I8 so that the latch 18a reenters the recess I9 in the shaft 68 locking the apparatus in the inoperative position, as shown in Figure 1.

` As the rod 38 is raised during the lifting of the cable 30, the stop arm 1I (Fig. 7) moves upwardly and engages the arm 12, thus moving the cam 66 into its initial position, as shown in Figure 2, thus locking the guide plates 45 in their initial assembled postion. y

From the foregoing it will be understood that the invention provides highly effective apparatus for obtaining samples from the side wall of a bore hole drilled into the earth. By providing a sample receiving magazine for the cores, together Hence, the rear por-- with core ejecting means on the drilling and sample receiving means, as many cores can be taken as can be accommodated by the magazine. Further, by automatically inserting a marker in the core receiving magazine at each sample taking operation. positive identification of the several cores taken can be readily effected. In addition, the sample cut may be of any desired length since it may be broken oif at any time after the drilling operation has begun, merely by lifting the supporting cable.

It will be further understood that the operator at the surface can readily follow the sequence of operations in the bore hole by virtue of the novel signaling means provided in the apparatus. Also, the breaking and ejection of the core, the insertion of the marker and the resetting of the apparatus are all effected merely by raising the supporting cable.

While several representative embodiments of the invention have been described above, the latter is not intended to be limited thereto but is susceptible of numerous changes in form and detail within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In sample taking apparatus for use in bore holes, the combination of a support movable through the bore holes, core barrel means carried by said support and rotatable relatively thereto for cutting a sample out of the side wall of a bore hole, means for rotating the core barrel means, sample storing means carried by said support, and means for transferring a sample from said sample cutting means to said sample storing means.

2. In sample taking apparatus for use in bore holes, the combination of drilling and sampling means, a support movable in the bore hole, motive means carried by the support for rotating the drilling and sampling means. means carried by the support for breaking off, at substantially its place of attachment to a formation, a sample drilled out of a formation, sample storing means carried by the support, and means for transferring a sample from said drilling and sampling means to said sample storing means.

3. In sample taking apparatus for use in bore holes, the combination of a support movable through the bore hole, core barrel means for cutting a sample out of the side Wall of a bore hole, said core barrel means being rotatable relatively to said support, sanrplestpringmrneans carried by said support, Is forwtransferring a sample from said sample cutting means to said sample storing means, and means for associating a marker with a formation sample for purposes of identification.

4. In sample taking apparatus for use in bore holes, the combination of rotatable core barrel drilling and sampling means, means for breaking olf a sample drilled out of a formation, sample storing means, means for transferring a sample from said drilling and sampling means to said sample storing means, and means responsive to said sample breaking means for associating a marker with a formation sample for purposes of identification.

5. In sample taking apparatus for use in a `bore hole, the combination of a support adapted to be lowered into a bore hole by a cable, drilling and sampling means slidably mounted in said support, and means rendered operative by pulling on said cable for applying a transversely directed force to said drilling and sampling means so as to apply a torque to a sample cut from a forma- SEARCH ROM 9 tion, about the base thereof, thereby breaking off said sample cut from a formation.

6. In sample taking apparatus for use in a bore hole, the combination of a support adapted to be lowered into a bore hole by a cable, drilling and sampling means slidably mounted in said support, means rendered operative by pulling on said cable for applying a transversely directed force to said drilling and sampling means so as to apply a torque to a sample cut from a formation, about the base thereof, thereby breaking off said sample cut from a formation, and means operated by pulling on said cable for rendering said force applying means inoperative.

7. In sample taking apparatus for use in a bore hole, the combination of a support adapted to be lowered into a bore hole by a cable, drilling and sampling means slidably mounted in said support, means rendered operative by pulling on said cable for applying a force to said drilling and sampling means to break off a sample cut from a formation, sample storing means, means operated by pulling on said cable for transferring a sample from said drilling and sampling means to said sample storing means, and means responsive to said force applying means for assocating marker means with a sample for purposes of identification.

8. In sample taking apparatus for use in a bore hole, the combination of a support adapted to be lowered into a bore hole by a cable, drilling and sampling means slidably mounted in said support and having a connection to said cable, motive means for operating said drilling and sampling means, means rendered operative by pulling on said cable for applying a force to said drilling and sampling means to break off a sample cut from a formation, sample storing means, means operated by pulling on said cable for transferring a sample from said drilling and sampling means to said sample storing means, and means responsive to said force applying means for associating marker means with a sample for purposes of identification.

9. In sample taking apparatus for use in a bore hole, the combination of a support adapted to be lowered into a bore hole by a cable, releasable means for anchoring said support at a given level in a bore hole, drilling and sampling means slidably mounted in said support and having a connection to said cable, motive means for operating said drilling and sampling means and for releasing said anchoring means, means rendered operative by pulling on said cable for apply- 10 ing a force to said drilling and sampling means to break off a sample cut from a formation, sample storing means, means operated by pulling on said cable for transferring a sample from said drilling and sampling means to said sample storing means, means responsive to said force applying means for associating marker means with a sample for purposes of identification, and means .operated by pulling on said cable for retracting said anchoring means.

10. In sample taking apparatus for use in a bore hole, the combination of drilling and sampling means adapted to be advanced into the.

side wall of a bore hole and to be retracted therefrom, means for applying a force to said drilling and sampling means to break off a core cut from a formation, a sample receiving magazine, means for transferring a sample from said drilling and sampling means to said magazine when the former is retracted from a formation, a second magazine, marker meanwsminwsaid second magazine, and mea'sm'iatedmbysaid force applying means for transferring marking means from said second magazine to said core receiving magazme.

11. In sample taking apparatus adapted to be lowered into a bore hole on a cable, the combination of guide means, drilling and sampling means slidable in said guide means, and means cooperating with said guide means and rendered operative by pulling on said cable for applying a force thereto in a direction transversely with respect to the direction of sliding movement of the sampling means in the guide means, thereby to apply sufficient torque to the sample cut from a formation, about the base thereof, as to break 01T said sample.

MAURICE MENNECIER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,749,202 Witry Mar. 4, 1930 2,067,693 Carey Jan. 12, 1937 2,181,512 Kirby Nov. 28, 1939 2,252,620 De Long Aug. l2, 1941 2,327,023 Danner Aug. 17, 1943 2,392,683 McWhorter Jan. 8, 1946 2,421,997 Crake June 10, 1947 2,500,785 Arutunoff Mar. 14, 1950 2,513,398 Benke July 4, 1950 

